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By BL
on 21 Nov 2008 7:05 PM Haloscan Comments Closed |
In times of crisis with people gravitating towards the government for assistance in domestic concerns, it is usually a good time for ruling parties (from UK to Singapore) to call for a general election. With recent happenings in Singapore, is it worth the effort of the ruling party of Singapore to call for a general election? In this article, we examine the progress made by the government and the factors that might be for or against their favour in calling for one in the coming year.
With a global financial crisis propagating across the world since late September this year, most countries including Singapore will likely face a long period of negative growth. For some of us, this may be the most disastrous financial disaster in our life times which started off from a subprime mortgage crisis in late 2006. Depending on your own perspective, it is also a challenge because great wealth is usually created in such times.
How does this affect Singapore's political landscape? Given that the political scene in Singapore is strongly linked to the government's performance of managing the economy, it may be a possibility for the ruling party to call an election when people will gravitate and rally around a common cause in such difficult times. If you look back to the last two elections held in 2001 and 2006, you will see some emerging trends. The election in 2001 was called after September 11 and the internet bubble bursted. At that point, the ruling party used global events to rally the people, winning a landslide with 75.3% of the popular vote. Compare to the most recent election in 2006 where the economy was recovering, the ruling party only won 66.6% of the popular vote.
What has happened between last election till now? In 2006, Singapore was undergoing an economic recovery followed by the decision to build two Integrated Resorts and organizing the IMF-World Bank event. Within the last two years, Singapore has also brought the first F1 night race into her shores. With the building of the integrated resorts and Singapore's reputation as a financial hub for southeast Asia, there is a strong growth in private wealth, drawing not just from the rich within the region but from China, India, Middle East and Russia. With such growth, the domestic side of Singapore faced a different reality. The electorate has faced with the rise of the good and services tax (GST) from 5 to 7%, followed by a lot of real estate activity via en bloc sales, and finally led to a year of extraordinary inflation of 4.2% coming from rising costs from NETS payments, transportation, costs of living and utility bills. Of course, there are other issues which took centre stage over the past two years: the University of New South Wales debacle, the ministerial pay increase, the rise of retirement age to 67 with annuities scheme looming over the horizon, the recent purchase of shares on UBS, Citigroup and Merrill Lynch by Temasek and GIC and today, the losses of S$12M made by town councils from the constituencies held by the ruling party. With some issues that threatened and eroded the strength of the ruling party, the option to hold an election during such tough times may not be as appealing for the ruling party as compared to the one in 2001 that is focused mainly on national security.
There are a few factors that could tip the election both ways for the ruling party. Let's start from an optimistic position for the ruling party. The first will be the vast talent pool that the ruling party enjoyed in her selection of candidates. The strength of the PAP to attract competent talent who might have been dissenting voices against them in the past leaves the opposition very little opportunity in party growth. Even though the Workers Party (WP) has managed to attract professional talent in the last elections, it is still an uphill battle for them to be able to get people to contest in all the constituencies. In fact, in such difficult times, even with the electorate begrudging the high ministerial pay and the rising costs of living, they will prefer to vote for the ruling party with a pragmatic perspective given their strong track record in economic recovery. The second reason is strong grassroots support within the ruling party. The ruling party has a strong grassroots machinery that can be fully utilized to last a nine day election campaign from marketing to canvassing votes. In the last elections, the Workers Party had to rely on very few volunteers to help them with 10,000 flyers over one estate. If the strong infrastructure of the ruling party is not a factor, they have also provided good incentives for the electorate to vote for them, from estate upgrading to progress packages before and after the election.
How about the flip side of holding an election next year? Of course, if you are away from Singapore for the past two years, there are some changes on the ground. Being back from Cambridge for the past three years, I have witnessed one general election and a lot of interesting events moving from cyberspace to the real world.
Social or the "not so" new media has become a new tool for the opposition and civil society groups to take on the establishment on several niche issues. In fact, in the recent rally speech, the PM has made two announcements: (i) to allow political podcast and videocast online and (ii) the opening up of Hong Lim Park for protest. It is a telling sign that the ruling party has come to terms with the realization that there is no way to regulate cyberspace given the power of technology and social practices of netizens to spread information at such a quick rate. Even though the ruling party has adopted the principle of selective liberalization, it has given the society more space and diversity for debate with restrictive conditions. Within weeks of the opening of Hong Lim Park (aka Speakers' Corner), the online activists have now moved into the offline world, for example, the recent protests made by Tan Kin Lian in a non-partisan effort to seek redress from the financial institutions for the investors who bought the highly toxic structured Lehman products from the banks. If not more, we are also seeing a more outspoken younger generation who even used Facebook to organize a petition against transportation hikes in the polytechnics.
If that is not enough, a lot of young people in Singapore are lately inspired by the campaign ran by Barack Obama calling for change from the younger generation. The social media has transformed various political landscapes within the span of one year from US, Korea to Malaysia. The next election will be exciting because the last election only showed the Internet emerging as a platform to verify and counter checked the news from the mainstream press, like the famous Hougang photo from Alex Au. It has not reached the level of vote canvassing or political donation like the way how the Obama campaign has done with the US Presidential elections.
Recently, I have made a gentleman's bet (over a pint of beer) with Sze Meng (a fellow colleague here in SA) that the next general election will happen in 2009 (but seriously, it should be 2010). How will be the next general election decided upon? It depends on the people, the economy, and how the ruling establishment plans to navigate the country out of recession.
Author's Note: This article is originally published in the Temsoc Newsletter at the invitation of Ms Gayle Goh, the Temasek Society; a Singaporean political and current affairs society in the University of Cambridge. Note that I have made some edits to the original article published here.


Comments (19)
Why nobody has bothered to make a comment yet? So let me give it a go: Nice try.
Posted by Anoonimous | November 23, 2008 12:47 AM
Wow! Finally a new post! You guys must've been busy procrastinating!
Anyway, I doubt you're going to get a free beer from Sze Meng. While economic depressions are always sweet moments for elections, there are unfortunately too many ill news as you've listed. Sure, their effects on election results are only short term (i.e. by next year this time, most people will probably just shrug them off), but still it may be a risky affair.
I'm no economic expert, but somehow I feel that this depression wouldn't be too short. Meaning, perhaps it's better to have the GE in 2010, when the bad news have faded from people's memories. Plus, if the economy recovers once they get elected, it's another glory on their track record.
Posted by Jackson Tan | November 23, 2008 9:45 PM
Hi Jackson,
Thanks for the note. Anyway, let's see what happens in the coming year.
The downturn emerging from the current financial crisis will come in the first quarter, given all the layouts will take effect in the coming month. If you have seen how the establishment has reacted lately, from bringing the announcement of the budget in Jan and focusing on re-training of laid off workers and ensuring the economic infrastructure for the SMEs to grow and survive.
I am of the view that the electorate forget easily about the mistakes made and the ruling party will stay in power given that there is no viable alternative. In any case, the most important thing now is to ensure that the economy do not decline further.
Posted by Bernard Leong
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November 24, 2008 1:45 AM
Nice post BL,
A few asides in what will be the next non-event in the political calendar of this island-nation (your article notwithstanding lol):
- Elitism will likely rear its head again 2009/2010. The establishment will term it 'meritocracy' and decry opponent's attempts to play up 'the politics of envy'. Yet it seems odd that one can purport to have a system that fosters 'meritocracy' without stirring up a groundswell of envy at the same time. Truth be told, one cannot realistically expect to have one's cake and eat it...
- TKL seems to be playing to the gallery for the Elected Presidency position. Can he seriously be considered for the 'watchdog' role, given that the establishment is more than likely to further drain the people's coffers during this time of economic uncertainty?
Posted by spursfan | November 26, 2008 2:18 PM
Spursfan,
Thanks for the note.
On the politics of envy and the issue of meritocracy, the debate will go on and on like a broken record. Elitism exist in most societies but the more important thing is to have the space for diversity such that those who are behind earlier in their academic life can move forward when they found their niche.
On the other hand, I actually think that TKL's declaration to run for elected presidency is a poor move on his part. First of all, given it is so far away from the next elected presidency event, I am pretty sure that the detractors have a lot of time to dig up dirt and stir issues to discredit him, should he make any mistake from now to then. That's why in politics, as you see in most parts of the world, they usually declare their intention to run for office when the nomination process starts.
That being said, I prefer not to mix up his intention to run for elected presidency and his actions to help those investors to seek redress on the minibonds issue.
Posted by Bernard Leong | November 26, 2008 6:01 PM
BL,
The issue of timing seems to me to one of whether the PAP can garner a crushing victory (increasing their share of votes cast) or 'merely' an overwhelming victory.
I particularly agree with your assessment of its strong grassroots organization as the second core strength of the PAP - this was, after all, an important element of Barack Obama's success too.
Posted by ringisei | November 27, 2008 1:37 PM
Ringisei,
Do I detect a certain sentiment that the establishment is not really able to attract the *very* best talent to serve its purposes? Would that be desirable in the first place?
I'm not sure about the grassroots point though. Sure it plays a major part here, but to compare our situation to that of the US is imho a little bit of a stretch. After all, to the populace it seems evident that there really isn't much of a comparative choice each time elections come around, as BL has pointed out.
If anything, it's a bit of a sad situation for the Republicans this time round mainly because they do have a sizable grassroots organisation, as well as a massive head start (McCain ran virtually unopposed in the Republican nomination), yet somehow managed to throw all that away.
It will take much more than a consistent 'change' slogan to unseat the establishment, even in these tough times...
Posted by spursfan | November 27, 2008 11:24 PM
The Republicans have a head start? This is the first time in over a year that I hear of such a thing. As far as I can tell, everything favored the Democrats this time, mostly because of an extremely unpopular Republican president who is blamed for anything and everything. And even though the Democrat dominated Congress has been getting consistently lower approval ratings that Bush for more than a year (like 10 points lower, than the already low), polls for most of the year shows the public favoring the (generic) Democrats over the Republicans by a respectable margin. The fact that Mccain ran virtually unopposed (which is not even completely accurate: remember the early days when everyone predicted that it has to be Guiliani vs. Clinton in '08?) in the nominations doesn't necessarily translate into an actual head start in the actual national elections.
Posted by Huichieh
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November 28, 2008 2:11 AM
spursfan,
About the establishment being unable to attract the very best talent (whatever that is), that's really more a Sze Meng point. ;)
I like to bang on about the grassroots organizations point because most media attention, discussion focuses on the candidates. The latter's important and the two certainly are linked by feedback loops. I'm looking forward to further data and analysis of how Obama's electoral offices and volunteers on the ground was built up so extensively; there will probably be something very worthwhile here for political parties of all stripes to learn from.
Posted by ringisei | November 28, 2008 8:27 AM
Huichieh,
To clarify, it wasn't too long ago that SA was debating the phenomenon known as Obamamania, and if we retrace the lines of thought and subsequent comments, it would be evident that an Obama victory was far from certain (I had suggested that perhaps McCain would turn pragmatic and see off the Obama challenge).
Clinton was still battling Obama for the Democratic nomination, months after McCain had seen off Guiliani & co. for the Republican nomination. The questions that seem to be relevant (given the long-established records of both political parties) are 'What on earth was McCain doing in the months leading up to the Presidential vote? What happened to the basic groundwork at grassroots level? Is it reasonable to say that a coherent message could not be sent out to Republican (or American) voters through months of preparation?'
To place McCain's defeat primarily on the Bush effect would be quite an oversimplificaion. Besides the gross disparity in campaign funding, which seemed to hurt McCain in the days leading up to the vote, the lack of a consistent campaign message, as well as an awful gaffe in terms of saying that the economy was fine in October, only to have the banks being bailed out days later, that ultimately did McCain in.
I would have hit rather hard on Obama's lack of experience, and his being bad for the taxpayer, instead of going all over the map (Obama being 'a terrorist', 'wet behind the ears' in terms of foreign policy, etc). In that sense, perhaps the time advantage McCain had would have been put to better use, and could even have enabled him to reverse the massive tide of negativity against the Republicans, Bush notwithstanding.
ringisei,
Noted both your points, and agree that grassroots plays a critical role in elections. So perhaps some party will start a massive Facebook appeal for our next GE, and organise bus trips for voters on Voting Day to ensure that they garner as much of the popular vote as possible? ;-)
Indeed our pre-independence past may have had some similarities to the wave of change in the US? I'm not sure if I read that bus rides were given to voters even back then?
Posted by spursfan | November 28, 2008 10:38 PM
spursfar,
Yes, bus rides were organized for voters back then. A potent tool when private vehicle ownership was very low and public transport was in its infancy. But busing by political parties is banned under Sect 71 of the Parliamentary Elections Act. Feels kinda of redundant in this day and age but given the link to Obamania, perhaps not. ;)
Posted by ringisei
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November 29, 2008 7:36 AM
ringisei,
Thanks for the validation, for a minute I thought I was imagining the busing thing -- my internal RAM chips are due for an upgrade lol ;-)
Didn't know about Sect 71, which is rather unfortunate, but then again why am I not surprised?
So much for a 'level playing field'...
Posted by spursfan | November 29, 2008 9:18 AM
No I wasn't suggesting that McCain lost only because of the Bush effect, merely to point out that the Republicans faced a very big obstacle this year because of it. Yes, the other big one was the economy--which was a real god send for the Democrats. To be fair, nobody--the Dems not the least--predicted that the crisis would happen, at that time. (If any one did make noise that it could happen, it was ironically, McCain himself, years ago.)
Posted by Huichieh
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November 29, 2008 9:58 AM
Hi Bernard
Nice stuff. But if we factor in the 1996 gloom and the subsequent January 2nd 1997 election, the PAP won merely 65% of the votes despite the economic uncertainty then. However, it did climb to 75.3% during the 2001 gloom and tumbled down to 66.6% in 2006 when things were looking bright on the horizon.
Whether the parliamentary election would take place next year or not as a tactic to prey on Singaporeans' insecurity, we just have to wait for Budget 2009 next month and what is being redistributed. The budget handouts during election year are usually the most enticing e.g. 2001's New Singapore Shares ($2.45 billion redistributed), 2006's Progress Package ($2.6 billion redistributed). In contrast, the redistribution to individuals in the budget for 2003 and 2004 were about $92 million and $240 million respectively.
If the 2009 budget entails any $2 billion plus handout, I think you just might get your free beer!
Lau Ah Pek
Posted by The Void Deck | December 7, 2008 11:53 PM
Hi TVD,
Looking at the budget numbers you put in, my estimate given the tax rebates and the handouts required to sustain the SMEs in the economy, the 2009 budget should entail between 2.8B to 3B, looking at the two data points you provided in your comment.
One thing to look out for is the electorate's mood towards the town council investments fiasco recently. While I see the continuous online effort to demand an explanation, the PAP also stonewalled them with replies and committee to review the adequacy of the investments. The aggregation of "small" incidents from town councils fiasco, the slow response from MAS to deal with the Lehman minibonds and a couple of issues that are more economically related (and not politically related) may turn against them when the election will to be called next year. However, even if the stars don't shine well for the PAP, the opposition are not in a better position with the lack of talent and a powerful grassroot machinery that will take years to build.
If we have polling like how they conduct in the US, we might be able to see where all this is going at least with some degree of probability. Of course, everyone is like a blind man feeling the elephant with respect to the way how Singaporeans will vote in the next general election. I am betting on luck for a free beer this time round. :)
Posted by Bernard Leong | December 8, 2008 1:31 PM
"...called after September 11 and the internet bubble bursted."
...Bursted?
Posted by Mas | December 17, 2008 5:57 PM
This is the advantage of the ruling parties, they have the means and power to determine the most ideal time for election.
Think this just natural. Every person will do what is beneficial to them, this is human nature
Posted by mating@inbox.com | February 7, 2009 6:05 PM
So election 2009 is a realistic ? so how long we have to wait after they have start to nominate officer for election?
Posted by liubei | July 4, 2009 8:07 AM
Is there a way for me to downgrade from Spore citizen to PR? I want to be Malaysian citizen and Spore PR too...Would I vote for PAP??!!!
I am an engineer. Over the past year, I have been squeezed out of my job by cheaper Chinese, Malaysian and Indian engineers. To them, $2000 is much when they remit back home. To me, I can't even afford a HDB, as frugal as I try to be, because the foreigners keeps driving home prices up on a daily basis. To add insult to injury, more of the foreign graduates replacing me had their university fees paid by our very own Ministry of Education. These graduates were not only given free college education, they were even given a month allowance of few hundred dollars each. While I had to work part time to support my education in NUS, and I still remain in debt to my student loan. (BITTER LAUGH!!!!).
I spent 2.5 years of my precious youth serving the SAF, during which I lost my first girlfriend during training. These foreigners were given PRs and citizenship in less than 2.5 years and they don't even need to serve. If war breaks out, I have to protect 1/3 of the population fuilled with these people?? (Assuming they dun run away at the 1st sign of trouble??!!) SAF even sent me a letter threatening to fine me for going overseas without telling them...to attend a funeral of my uncle...(BITTER LAUGH!!!!). Hey, here's an idea, why don't I migrate to another country before migrating back. That will save me more time!
I am working in odds jobs now 7 days a week. I am now almost 30 already. Inflation exceed my savings rate, and I find a home, marriage, kids and happy future beyond me. A simple illness or a year of unemployment could wipe me out. Yet the government is wondering why there are less marriages and births....(BITTER LAUGH!!!!)
I bear no love to my country now. My country does not need to be attacked, it has already be invaded and taken over. Thanks PAP!
Posted by Bitter Singaporean | July 19, 2009 2:54 PM